[1] 姚瑛 , 金青青, 陈青华. 妊娠期糖尿病相关危险因素的关联规则研究[J]. 中国卫生统计, 2023,40(04):559-562.
 [2] 李金英 , 马晓娟. 妊娠期糖尿病发生的危险因素分析及对妊娠结局的影响[J]. 解放军医药杂志, 2020,32(02):67-70.
 [3]Parsaei M, Dashtkoohi M, Noorafrooz M, et al. Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using early-pregnancy data: a  secondary analysis from a prospective cohort study in Iran.[J]. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2024,24(1):849.DOI:10.1186/s12884-024-07079-6.
 [4]Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Sharabi-Nov A, Binyamin D, et al. First trimester biomarkers for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. Placenta, 2020,101:80-89.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.020.
 [5]Li Y, Ren X, He L, et al. Maternal age and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 120 million participants.[J]. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2020,162:108044.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108044.
 [6]Sharma A K, Singh S, Singh H, et al. Deep Insight of the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.[J]. Cells, 2022,11(17).DOI:10.3390/cells11172672.
 [7]Yong H Y, Mohd Shariff Z, Mohd Yusof B N, et al. Independent and combined effects of age, body mass index and gestational weight gain on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.[J]. Scientific reports, 2020,10(1):8486.DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-65251-2.
 [8]Jiao J, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Accuracy of Fasting Blood Glucose and Body Mass Index in Predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China.[J]. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2024,24(8):967-972.DOI:10.2174/0118715303247457231018080709.
 [9]Tong J, Wu L, Chen Y, et al. Fasting plasma glucose in the first trimester is related to gestational diabetes  mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes.[J]. Endocrine, 2022,75(1):70-81.DOI:10.1007/s12020-021-02831-w.
 [10]Immanuel J, Simmons D, Desoye G, et al. Performance of early pregnancy HbA(1c) for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes in obese European women.[J]. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2020,168:108378.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108378.
 [11]Valadan M, Bahramnezhad Z, Golshahi F, et al. The role of first-trimester HbA1c in the early detection of gestational diabetes.[J]. BMC pregnancy and childbirth,2022,22(1):71.DOI:10.1186/s12884-021-04330-2.
 [12]Akash M S H, Noureen S, Rehman K, et al. Investigating the biochemical association of gestational diabetes mellitus with  dyslipidemia and hemoglobin.[J]. Frontiers in medicine, 2023,10:1242939.DOI:10.3389/fmed.2023.1242939.
 [13]Zhang Y, Lan X, Cai C, et al. Associations between Maternal Lipid Profiles and Pregnancy Complications: A Prospective Population-Based Study.[J]. American journal of perinatology, 2021,38(8):834-840.DOI:10.1055/s-0039-3402724.
 [14]Souza Santos G G, Souza F D, Montero M F, et al. Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL) Ratio May Predict  Gestational Diabetes and Worse Cardiometabolic Profile.[J]. Cureus, 2025,17(6):e85505.DOI:10.7759/cureus.85505.
 [15]Meng Z, Lin M, Song L, et al. The first-trimester triglyceride glucose-body mass index is a valuable predictor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.[J]. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025,25(1):142.DOI:10.1186/s12884-025-07258-z.
 [16]Valencia-Ortega J, González-Reynoso R, Ramos-Martínez E G, et al. New Insights into Adipokines in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.[J]. International journal of molecular sciences, 2022,23(11).DOI:10.3390/ijms23116279.
 [17]Roca-Rodríguez M D M, Ramos-García P, López-Tinoco C, et al. Significance of Serum-Plasma Leptin Profile during Pregnancy in Gestational  Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.[J]. Journal of clinical medicine, 2022,11(9).DOI:10.3390/jcm11092433.
 [18]Xiao W, He J, Shen S, et al. Maternal circulating leptin profile during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.[J]. Diabetes research and clinical practice,2020,161:108041.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108041.
 [19]Moyce Gruber B L, Dolinsky V W. The Role of Adiponectin during Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes.[J]. Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2023,13(2).DOI:10.3390/life13020301.
 [20]Ye Y, Wu P, Wang Y, et al. Adiponectin, leptin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective nested case-control study among Chinese women.[J]. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2022,191:110039.DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110039.
 [21]De Luccia T P B, Pendeloski K P T, Ono E, et al. Unveiling the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes: Studies on local and peripheral immune cells[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 2020,91(4):e12860.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12860.
 [22]Duo Y, Song S, Qiao X, et al. The Association of Hematological Parameters in Early and Middle Pregnancy with  the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.[J]. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2024,17:633-646.DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S445927.
 [23]Sahin M, Oguz A, Tüzün D, et al. A new marker predicting gestational diabetes mellitus: First trimester  neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.[J]. Medicine, 2022,101(36):e30514.DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000030511.
 [24]Zhao X, Sun J, Yuan N, et al. A prospective cohort study on the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte  and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese  pregnant women.[J]. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025,16:1477092.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2025.1477092.
 [25]Basil B, Oghagbon E K, Mba I N, et al. First trimester sex hormone-binding globulin predicts gestational diabetes mellitus in a population of Nigerian women.[J]. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022,42(7):2924-2930.DOI:10.1080/01443615.2022.2114321.
 [26]Szybiak-Skora W, Cyna W, Lacka K. New Insights in the Diagnostic Potential of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin  (SHBG)-Clinical Approach.[J]. Biomedicines, 2025,13(5).DOI:10.3390/biomedicines13051207.
 [27]Gul Kara S M, Alkan Bulbul G, Kirtis E, et al. Maternal and cord serum levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.[J]. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2025,38(1):2491454.DOI:10.1080/14767058.2025.2491454.
 [28]Gao Y, Chen J, Mi J. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in maternal serum for predicting early  gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.[J]. PeerJ, 2025,13:e19825.DOI:10.7717/peerj.19825.
 [29]Yanachkova V E, Staynova R, Bochev I, et al. Potential role of biochemical placentation markers - pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and human chorionic gonadotropin for early gestational diabetes screening - a pilot study.[J]. Ginekologia polska, 2021.DOI:10.5603/GP.a2021.0129.
 [30]Lu Y, Chen C, Sun F, et al. Associations between first-trimester screening biomarkers and maternal  characteristics with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women.[J]. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024,15:1383706.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2024.1383706.
 [31]Liu Z, Jiang Y, Liu X, et al. MiRNAs in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical  Applications.[J]. Journal of diabetes research, 2021,2021:4632745.DOI:10.1155/2021/4632745.
 [32]Wei Y, He A, Tang C, et al. Risk prediction models of gestational diabetes mellitus before 16 gestational  weeks.[J]. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2022,22(1):889.DOI:10.1186/s12884-022-05219-4.
 [33]Lappharat S, Rothmanee P, Jandee K, et al. A model for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: a  prospective study in Thailand.[J]. Obstetrics & gynecology science, 2022,65(2):156-165.DOI:10.5468/ogs.21250.
 [34]Kang B S, Lee S U, Hong S, et al. Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian women using machine learning  algorithms.[J]. Scientific reports, 2023,13(1):13356.DOI:10.1038/s41598-023-39680-8.
 [35]Kokori E, Olatunji G, Aderinto N, et al. The role of machine learning algorithms in detection of gestational diabetes; a  narrative review of current evidence.[J]. Clinical diabetes and endocrinology, 2024,10(1):18.DOI:10.1186/s40842-024-00176-7.