[1]王桢, 张永春, 杨柳燕, 等. 西红花组织培养研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(12): 100-106.
[2]KHORASANCHI Z, SHAFIEE M, KERMANSHAHI F, 等. Crocus sativus a natural food coloring and flavoring has potent anti-tumor properties[J]. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 2018, 43: 21-27.
[3]贾岩, 杨慧科, 宿菲, 等. 藏红花活性成分抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展[J/OL]. 解剖科学进展, 2024[2025-09-21]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CAPJ&dbname=CAPJLAST&filename=JPKX2024011000P.
[4]KOULAKIOTIS N S, GIKAS E, IATROU G, 等. Quantitation of Crocins and picrocrocin in saffron by HPLC: application to quality control and phytochemical differentiation from other crocus taxa[J]. Planta Medica, 2015, 81(7): 606-612.
[5]KARKOULA E, DAGLA I V, BAIRA E, 等. A novel UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics strategy enables the discovery of potential neuroactive metabolites in mice plasma, following i.p. administration of the main Crocus sativus L. bioactive component[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2020, 177: 112878.
[6]谭倩, 董晓东, 王丽丽, 等. 西红花化学成分、药理作用机制及其开发利用的研究进展[J]. 食品与药品, 2024, 26(3): 300-304.
[7]ASHKTORAB H, SOLEIMANI A, SINGH G, 等. Saffron: The Golden Spice with Therapeutic Properties on Digestive Diseases[J]. Nutrients, 2019, 11(5): 943.
[8]LUO Y, YU P, ZHAO J, 等. Pathogenesis and anti-proliferation mechanisms of Crocin in human gastric carcinoma cells[J]. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2020, 13(5): 912-922.
[9]YU L, LI J, XIAO M. Picrocrocin exhibits growth inhibitory effects against SKMEL- 2 human malignant melanoma cells by targeting JAK/ STAT5 signaling pathway, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial mediated apoptosis[J]. Journal of B.U.ON.: official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology, 2018, 23(4): 1163-1168.
[10]刘方舟, 李园白, 李萌, 等. 基于网络药理学的浙产栀子藏红花素类成分药理作用机制研究[J]. 中草药, 2019, 50(8): 1873-1879.
[11]ALAVIZADEH S H, HOSSEINZADEH H. Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: A comprehensive review[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014, 64: 65-80.
[12]YORGUN M A, RASHID K, ASLANIDIS A, 等. Crocin, a plant-derived carotenoid, modulates microglial reactivity[J]. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2017, 12: 245-250.
[13]SAMARGHANDIAN S, AZIMI-NEZHAD M, BORJI A, 等. Effect of crocin on aged rat kidney through inhibition of oxidative stress and proinflammatory state[J]. Phytotherapy research: PTR, 2016, 30(8): 1345-1353.
[14]徐国, 丁方, 宇王楠, 等. 稀有藏红花酸糖苷的生物合成及抗血栓作用的初步研究[C/OL]//泛环渤海、华东六省一市生物化学与分子生物学会联盟2023年学术交流会暨研究生教育论坛论文摘要集. 中国山东烟台, [2025]: 24[2025-09-21]. https://doi.org/10.26914/c.cnkihy.2023.085854.
[15]IBRAHIM S, BAIG B, HISAINDEE S, 等. Development and Evaluation of Crocetin-Functionalized Pegylated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Hepatocellular Carcinoma[J]. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023, 28(7): 2882.
[16]LIU Y, LIANG Y, ZHENG B, 等. Protective Effects of Crocetin on Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Hepatic Injury: Involvement of Suppression in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats[J]. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2020, 14: 1921-1931.
[17]LI Q, FENG P, LIN S, 等. Crocetin confers neuroprotection and is anti-inflammatory in rats with induced glaucoma[J]. Molecular Biology Reports, 2023, 50(2): 1321-1331.
[18]ARJMAND M H, HASHEMZEHI M, SOLEIMANI A, 等. Therapeutic potential of active components of saffron in post-surgical adhesion band formation[J]. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2021, 11(4): 328-335.
[19]KHOSHANDAM A, RAZAVI B M, HOSSEINZADEH H. Interaction of saffron and its constituents with Nrf2 signaling pathway: A review[J]. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2022, 25(7): 789-798.
[20]雷雪. 藏红花主要活性物质对果蝇肠道免疫及胰岛素代谢的影响[D/OL]. 东北林业大学, 2023[2025-09-21]. https://doi.org/10.27009/d.cnki.gdblu.2022.001902.
[21]江雪, 刘梦璠, 刘华, 等. 西红花的资源分布及抗肿瘤研究进展[J]. 世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2021, 23(9): 3251-3263.
[22]王平, 童应鹏, 陶露霞, 等. 西红花的化学成分和药理活性研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2014, 45(20): 3015-3028.
[23]KHAZDAIR M R, BOSKABADY M H, HOSSEINI M, 等. The effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents on nervous system: A review[J]. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 2015, 5(5): 376-391.
[24]ESMAEILI N, EBRAHIMZADEH H, ABDI K, 等. Determination of some phenolic compounds in Crocus sativus L. corms and its antioxidant activities study[J]. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2011, 7(25): 74-80.
[25]SUN C, NILE S H, ZHANG Y, 等. Novel Insight into Utilization of Flavonoid Glycosides and Biological Properties of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Flower Byproducts[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020, 68(39): 10685-10696.

[26]D’ALESSANDRO A M, MANCINI A, LIZZI A R, 等. Crocus sativus stigma extract and its major constituent crocin possess significant antiproliferative properties against human prostate cancer[J]. Nutrition and Cancer, 2013, 65(6): 930-942.
[27]李萍, 姬白嫣, 魏娟, 等. 藏红花素对宫颈癌生长的抑制作用及机制研究[R/OL]. 邯郸市第二医院, 2023[2025-09-21]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=SNAD&dbname=SNAD&filename=SNAD000002075834.
[28]BAKSHI H A, HAKKIM F L, SAM S. Molecular Mechanism of Crocin Induced Caspase Mediated MCF-7 Cell Death: In Vivo Toxicity Profiling and Ex Vivo Macrophage Activation[J]. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 2016, 17(3): 1499-1506.
[29] 贺苗. 藏红花酸对肺腺癌放射敏感性影响的相关研究[D/OL]. 新乡医学院, 2025[2025-09-21]. https://doi.org/10.27434/d.cnki.gxxyc.2024.000337.
[30]TENG S, HAO J, BI H, 等. The Protection of Crocin Against Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer via Suppression of NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12: 639458.
[31] 陈诗韵, 吕承豪, 覃思. 栀子中藏红花酸抗氧化及降糖能力研究[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2025(14): 96-99.
[32] 王少贤, 陈紫薇, 冯佩诗, 等. 西红花抗抑郁和保肝作用机制研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2024, 55(21): 7530-7538.
[33]LI S, XU H X, WU C T, 等. Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: current research status and clinical implications[J]. Angiogenesis, 2019, 22(1): 15-36.
[34]NASHINE S. Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)[J]. Cells, 2021, 10(9): 2483.
[35]CRESPO-GARCIA S, TSURUDA P R, DEJDA A, 等. Pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy engages cellular senescence and is amenable to therapeutic elimination via BCL-xL inhibition[J]. Cell Metabolism, 2021, 33(4): 818-832.e7.
[36]CHEN D Y, SUN N H, CHEN X, 等. Endothelium-derived semaphorin 3G attenuates ischemic retinopathy by coordinating β-catenin-dependent vascular remodeling[J].The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2021, 131(4): e135296, 135296.
[37]ZHANG L, SHAN Y, LI C, 等. Discovery of novel anti-angiogenesis agents. Part 6: Multi-targeted RTK inhibitors[J]. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2017,127: 275-285.
[38]FOLKMAN J. Angiogenesis[J]. Annual Review of Medicine, 2006, 57: 1-18.
[39]LI S, XU H X, WU C T, 等. Angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer: current research status and clinical implications[J]. Angiogenesis, 2019, 22(1): 15-36.
[40]DUDICS S, LANGAN D, MEKA R R, 等. Natural Products for the Treatment of Autoimmune Arthritis: Their Mechanisms of Action, Targeted Delivery, and Interplay with the Host Microbiome[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018, 19(9): 2508.
[41]ADJUTO-SACCONE M, SOUBEYRAN P, GARCIA J, 等. TNF-α induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition promoting stromal development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma[J]. Cell Death & Disease, 2021, 12(7): 649.
[42]KARIN M. Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression[J]. Nature, 2006, 441(7092): 431-436.
[43]AZOITEI N, BECHER A, STEINESTEL K, 等. PKM2 promotes tumor angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1α through NF-κB activation[J]. Molecular Cancer, 2016, 15: 3.
[44]CHEN Z J, PARENT L, MANIATIS T. Site-specific phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha by a novel ubiquitination-dependent protein kinase activity[J]. Cell, 1996, 84(6):853-862.
[45]VERMA I M, STEVENSON J. IkappaB kinase: beginning, not the end[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997, 94(22):11758-11760.
[46]XIE T X, XIA Z, ZHANG N, 等. Constitutive NF-kappaB activity regulates the expression of VEGF and IL-8 and tumor angiogenesis of human glioblastoma[J]. Oncology Reports, 2010, 23(3): 725-732.
[47]廖冰灵, 于恩达, 周颖, 等. 藏红花素靶向调控胃癌细胞微管动力学的作用研究[R/OL]. 上海市第七人民医院, 2025[2025-09-21]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=SNAD&dbname=SNAD&filename=SNAD000002142505.
[48]CHRYSSANTHI D G, DEDES P G, KARAMANOS N K, 等. Crocetin inhibits invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases[J]. Planta Medica, 2011, 77(2): 146-151.
[49] 冯帆. 基于FOS-DUSP1信号轴探讨藏红花酸在胶质瘤生长及耐药中的作用机制[D/OL]. 广州中医药大学, 2025[2025-09-21]. https://doi.org/10.27044/d.cnki.ggzzu.2023.000302.
[50] 孟祥庆, 李丽华, 王宏瑞, 等. 基于网络药理学和反向分子对接的西红花抗肿瘤作用机制研究[J]. 药学实践与服务, 2023, 41(3): 160-167, 196.
[51] 陈双双, 赵爽, 顾远, 等. 藏红花素对乳腺癌血管生成作用的实验研究[J]. 临床肿瘤学杂志, 2016, 21(5): 397-403.
[52]LI S, QU Y, SHEN X Y, 等. Multiple Signal Pathways Involved in Crocetin-Induced Apoptosis in KYSE-150 Cells[J]. Pharmacology, 2019, 103(5-6): 263-272.
[53]LIU M, HUANG X, TIAN Y, 等. Phosphorylated GSK‑3β protects stress‑induced apoptosis of myoblasts via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[J]. Molecular Medicine Reports,2020, 22(1): 317-327.
[54]CHEN S, ZHAO S, WANG X, 等. Crocin inhibits cell proliferation and enhances cisplatin and pemetrexed chemosensitivity in lung cancer cells[J]. Translational Lung Cancer Research, 2015, 4(6): 775-783.
[55]HE Y, SUN M M, ZHANG G G, 等. Targeting PI3K/Akt signal transduction for cancer therapy[J]. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2021, 6(1): 425.
[56]HOSSEINI S S, REIHANI R Z, DOUSTVANDI M A, 等. Synergistic anticancer effects of curcumin and crocin on human colorectal cancer cells[J]. Molecular Biology Reports,2022, 49(9): 8741-8752.
[57]高晶晶, 孙志涛, 姜辉, 等. 藏红花素抑制音猬因子信号通路对结直肠癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响[J]. 安徽医药, 2024, 28(2): 224-229, 425.
[58]SUNDARAM G S, KOTHARI S, VOLETI S K, 等. Type C1 radical hysterectomy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix postdefinitive concurrent chemoradiation: An argument[J]. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 2022, 18(6): 1559-1563.
[59] 王涛, 赵磊, 李榆, 等. 周剂量多西他赛联合顺铂与周剂量多西他赛联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌的临床研究[J]. 中国癌症杂志, 2015, 25(2): 150-154.
[60] 李萍, 姬白嫣, 魏娟, 等. 藏红花素联合顺铂对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞协同抑制作用的研究[J]. 肿瘤药学, 2021, 11(6): 701-706.
[61] 许存庚, 骆玉霜. 藏红花素联合顺铂通过抑制ERK信号通路调控胃癌细胞的增殖和凋亡[J]. 山西医科大学学报, 2019, 50(7): 922-927.
[62] 骆玉霜, 格日力, 沈存芳, 等. 藏红花素联合顺铂对人胃癌BGC-823细胞增殖的影响[J]. 中国临床药理学杂志, 2016, 32(11): 1024-1026.
[63] 李婷, 吕长坤, 刘南京, 等. HepaCAM联合藏红花素抑制前列腺癌细胞PC3迁移活性的研究[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2018, 37(7): 3200-3206.