Volume 1,Issue 9
CO2封存方法研究进展及展望
CO2封存技术是应对全球气候变化、实现碳中和的关键手段，目前已形成地质封存、生物封存、水合物封存、溶解封存及矿物碳化等多种技术路径。地质封存（含咸水层、枯竭油气藏、难以开采煤层）成熟度高，适用于大规模应用：枯竭油气藏封存可结合驱油技术增收益，煤层封存能同步回收甲烷，但二者均存泄露与成本难题。生物封存依托微生物固碳，兼具环保与资源价值，却受培养条件和能耗限制。水合物封存稳定性强，仍处实验室或中试阶段；溶解封存容量大，环境影响尚不明确。当前各类技术普遍面临成本、风险及工程化瓶颈，部分依赖资源或政策。未来需聚焦技术融合、低成本一体化、全生命周期风险与生态管控，推动规模化应用，支撑全球碳中和。
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