改性生物炭在镉离子污染修复中的研究进展

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Abstract

镉离子（Cd²⁺）污染对生态环境和人体健康构成严重威胁，开发高效、经济的修复材料已成为环境领域的研究热点。生物炭因其来源广泛、成本低廉、环境友好等优点，在Cd²⁺吸附方面表现出良好潜力，但原始生物炭存在吸附容量低、选择性差等问题。通过物理、化学和生物改性可显著提升其性能。本文系统综述了改性生物炭在Cd²⁺污染修复中的研究进展，重点分析了气体活化、球磨、酸碱处理、金属/非金属掺杂、微生物改性等策略对其结构特性、表面化学性质及吸附性能的调控机制，总结了不同改性方法对Cd²⁺的去除效果与作用机理，并对未来研究方向与实际应用中面临的挑战进行了展望，以期为改性生物炭在重金属污染修复中的进一步开发与应用提供参考。

Keywords

生物炭

改性

镉离子

吸附

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